Mayashree Das

8, In their environment, cells constantly encounter diverse external mechanical stimuli and stresses that cause membrane curvature and cell deformation, requiring appropriate responses. Of these, cell deformation caused by nanoscale topographical features of the culture substrate has been shown to alter key cellular functions such as adhesion ( 1 2 ), differentiation ( 3 5 ), proliferation ( 6 7 ), and migration ( 8 ).

Decades of research have been directed toward discovery of interventions that attenuate the effect of trauma on the nervous system. Despite this, translation of laboratory-based, mechanism-directed traumatic brain injury (TBI) research to the clinical setting remains a challenge ( 1 ). To date, no pharmacological agent has received approval for targeting the pathophysiology underlying TBI-related acute and long-term sequelae.

c*) to avoid entanglements. The critical overlap concentrations were determined from previously reported viscometry measurements (et al. (T around 45°C (T (60°C), the storage modulus (E′) remained constant with frequency variation from 0.01 to 10 Hz as revealed by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) (see fig. S16C). The loss modulus (E″) is about two orders of magnitude smaller than the storage modulus, suggesting the elastomer has a low fraction of defects and low hysteresis.