Meaghan Charest-Finn

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1 Introduction Industry 4.0 (I4) describes a growing collection of technologies available for factories to improve process performance. The combination of these technologies is revolutionary in moving the manufacturing industry into the next generation of functionality. Integrating data mining, machine learning (ML) methodologies, smart sensors and a new generation of connected automation tools, smart systems have become the modern factory standard (Chen et al. 2023).