Mei-dan Ying

Abstract Fusion proteins are implicated in a wide range of solid tumors, including lung cancer, breast cancer, and prostate cancer, and play a critical role in tumor initiation and progression through diverse molecular mechanisms. In this review, we provide an overview of the mechanisms underlying the generation of fusion proteins in solid tumors and their oncogenic roles, classifying these proteins based on different carcinogenic mechanisms.

Abstract Pediatric tumors represent a major cause of disease-related mortality in children and exhibit biological features that differ markedly from those of adult cancers. Pediatric malignancies display unique molecular architectures, with lower mutation frequency, higher frequency of chromosomal alterations such as gene rearrangement and amplification, a distinct alteration spectrum marked by dysregulated developmental genes, as well as a characteristic pattern of differentiation blockage.