Menglun Wang

1 Background Model Informed Drug Development (MIDD) is the “use of computational modeling and simulation (M&S) methods that integrate nonclinical data, clinical data, prior information, and knowledge (e.g., drug and disease characteristics) to generate evidence” [1].

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1. Introduction Ewing sarcoma (ES) is the second most frequent aggressive bone or soft tissue tumor in children and is characterized by early metastatic spread, a high recurrence rate, and a poor 5-year survival rate. Now, multimodal treatment of ES, including surgical resection, local radiotherapy, and intensive multi-agent chemotherapy, has been established (1). Despite comprehensive treatment, 30–40% of patients experience recurrence or metastasis (2).