2. Methodology The approach underpinning the design of this nationally representative survey was grounded in a Kaupapa Māori Research methodology. A Kaupapa Māori Research (KMR) paradigm is an emancipatory, Indigenous research paradigm connected to Māori philosophy and principles [10,11,12]. KMR takes for granted the validity and legitimacy of Māori and the importance of Māori language and culture, with a focus on autonomy over Māori health and wellbeing [13].