Merita Tafili

Hypo hypoplasticity IGS intergranular strain ISA intergranular strain anisotropy MN Matsuoka-Nakai 1 Introduction Hypoplastic constitutive models have become an important tool in advanced geotechnical analysis due to their rate-type formulation, which captures key aspects of soil behaviour such as state-dependent stiffness and dilatancy.

1 Introduction Bio-cementation, and in particular microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP) [1-5], is an innovative ground improvement technique that utilizes ureolytic bacteria to induce in situ calcium carbonate precipitation within soil matrices. This process leads to an increase in strength, stiffness, and durability of granular soils, while providing a sustainable and cost-effective alternative to conventional soil stabilization methods [6, 7].

Abstract Simulating the response of granular materials under realistic loading scenarios is essential for ensuring the reliability of geotechnical infrastructure. This task is particularly challenging because natural soils exhibit inherently non-uniform particle arrangements due to gravitational sedimentation and are subjected to complex, multidirectional loading conditions from environmental forces such as wind and seismic activity.