Mevhibe Saricaoglu

1 Introductıon Associative memory refers to the process by which independent or seemingly unrelated pieces of information (e.g., face–name, object–location, event–place) are bound together through contextual integration, stored as a unified representation, and retrieved when needed (Staresina 2006; Suzuki 2007).

1 Introduction Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a neurodevelopmental condition, entails sensory sensitivities, social communication challenges, stereotypical behaviors, and limited attention (Y. Li and Yu 2016). “Autism” originates from the Greek word “autos,” meaning “self.” Cognitive neuroscience reveals shifts in self-related consciousness in ASD individuals.

1 INTRODUCTION Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and α-synucleinopathy (Aarsland & Kramberger, 2015; Göttlich et al., 2013). The dysfunctional cortico-striatal-thalamic-cortical loop in PD causes cardinal motor symptoms such as tremor, akinesia, and rigidity (Jankovic, 2008).