Michael Chui
Lead research on the impact of AI and other technology trends @McKinsey. Opinions expressed are my own
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Articles by Michael Chui
Chokepoint disruptions and their macroeconomic consequences
Skip to main content Rising geopolitical tensions, including trade restrictions and conflicts, are increasingly disrupting global supply chains, posing significant risks at critical chokepoints. Strong substitution effects and the use of inventories have helped to mitigate adverse output effects of chokepoint disruptions, but they often come at the cost of higher input prices.
Africa's public debt amid global headwinds: balancing resilience and vulnerabilities
The conflict in the Middle East has raised energy and fertiliser prices, weakened growth and intensified fiscal pressures across Africa at a time when public debt and debt service burdens remain elevated. The shift towards domestic currency debt has reduced exchange rate risk for issuers and preserved market access, but higher interest rates and shorter maturities have increased debt service costs and rollover risks.
ERBB2 amplification is a late event in the pathogenesis of high‐grade endometrial carcinomas with heterogeneous HER2 expression
Data availability statement Sequencing and normalized RNA counts data are provided in the supplementary material, Data . The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. Supporting Information Filename Description path70014-sup-0001-SuppMatMethFiguresS1-S8TableS1.docxWord 2007 document , 6.7 MB Supplementary materials and methods Figure S1. Photomicrographs and somatic mutational landscape of HGEC-7 Figure S2.
McKinsey Technology Trends Outlook 2026
Which frontier technologies matter most for companies in 2026? Our annual report highlights the latest technology innovations, developments, and talent trends and their potential impact on business and society. The technology story of 2026 has moved off the screen and into the physical world.
La IA agéntica no siempre es la respuesta
En lo que respecta a la inteligencia artificial (IA) agéntica, el FOMO es evidente. Las organizaciones están implementando agentes de IA, en parte, porque parece que es lo que hacen todos los demás. Pero el miedo a perderse algo no es una estrategia empresarial. Para que la IA agéntica funcione, los líderes empresariales deben ignorar la exageración y concentrarse en establecer con precisión qué pueden hacer los agentes por ellos, cómo y a qué costo.
Understanding when agentic AI may not always be the solution
Stephen Xu and Michael Chui|Published 4 minutes ago . Image: MF3d/Getty Images When it comes to agenticartificial intelligence, the fear of missing out factor is clear. Organisations are plopping down agents, in part, because that’s what everyone else seems to be doing. But FOMO is not a business strategy. To make agentic AI work, business leaders need to ignore the hype and concentrate on establishing exactly what agents can do for them, how, and at what cost.
ESG metrics: From checklists to capabilities
Burgeoning ESG metrics have led to a rethink. Could companies instead focus their particular capabilities to help tackle society’s biggest challenges? ESG, the catch-all acronym for corporate efforts to address environmental, social, and governance issues, is undergoing a rethink, particularly in the United States. Over the past decade, ESG has expanded as a framework to measure a company’s societal impact.
Um ano de IA agêntica: Seis lições de pessoas que trabalham com ela
Não é fácil implantar a IA agêntica com sucesso. Mas, aos poucos, estamos aprendendo a fazer isso do jeito certo. Um ano após o início da revolução da IA agêntica, uma lição ficou clara: implantá-la corretamente exige muito trabalho. A transformação agêntica de uma empresa promete produtividade inigualável. Contudo, embora algumas organizações venham obtendo grande sucesso inicial nessa área, muitas acham difícil extrair valor de seus investimentos.
One year of agentic AI: Six lessons from the people doing the work
Deploying agentic AI successfully isn’t easy. Here’s what we’re learning about how to get it right. A year into the agentic AI revolution, one lesson is clear: It takes hard work to do it well. An agentic enterprise transformation holds the promise of unmatched productivity. While some companies are enjoying early successes with such activities, many more are finding it challenging to see value from their investments. In some cases, they are even retrenching—rehiring people where agents have failed.
Un año de IA agéntica: Seis lecciones de quienes están haciendo el trabajo
Implementar con éxito la IA agéntica no es fácil. Esto es lo que estamos aprendiendo sobre cómo hacerlo bien. A un año de la revolución de la inteligencia artificial (IA) agéntica, hay una lección clara: se necesita trabajar duro para hacerlo bien. Mire nuestra colección de artículos en Español y suscríbase a nuestro newsletter mensual en Español. Navegue por la colección Una transformación empresarial agéntica promete una productividad sin igual.
Rewiring Luxembourgish companies to compete in the global AI gold rush
In a recent report, McKinsey highlighted a “gen AI paradox” in which nearly eight in ten companies report using gen AI while a similar proportion report no significant bottom-line impact. AI agents offer a way to break out of this paradox thanks to their potential to automate complex business processes and thereby shift gen AI from being a reactive tool (such as a chatbot) to becoming a goal-driven and proactive virtual collaborator.
HT Syndication: Machines as virtual co-workers and operators
India, Aug. 7 -- In addition to the growing reach of AI, another new trend we have chosen to highlight in this year's report is agentic AI, which has rapidly emerged as a major focus of interest and experimentation in enterprise and consumer technology. Agentic AI combines the flexibility and generality of AI foundation models with the ability to act in the world by creating "virtual coworkers" that can autonomously plan and execute multistep workflows.
Machines as virtual co-workers and operators
In addition to the growing reach of AI, another new trend we have chosen to highlight in this year’s report is agentic AI, which has rapidly emerged as a major focus of interest and experimentation in enterprise and consumer technology. Agentic AI combines the flexibility and generality of AI foundation models with the ability to act in the world by creating “virtual coworkers” that can autonomously plan and execute multistep workflows.
McKinsey Technology Trends Outlook 2025
Which frontier technologies matter most for companies in 2025? Our annual tech trends report highlights the latest technology breakthroughs, talent trends, use cases, and their potential impact on companies across sectors. You’ve reached an archival page. Please see our 2026 technology trends report here. The global technology landscape is undergoing significant shifts, propelled by fast-moving innovations in technologies.
Navigating global headwinds: Africa's trade landscape and growth opportunities
Home Navigating global headwinds: Africa's trade landscape and growth opportunities BIS Bulletin | No 109 | Africa is not immune from trade challenges. Its direct exposure to new US tariffs is relatively limited, but indirect effects through slower global demand and financial conditions may be larger. Strengthening regional trade integration through initiatives like the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) can help build regional supply chains and reduce reliance on commodity exports.
Investment in an increasingly uncertain global landscape
Home Investment in an increasingly uncertain global landscape BIS Bulletin | No 103 | Private business fixed investment has fallen or remained flat in advanced economies for decades, with a recent levelling-off also observed in several emerging market economies. The recent increase in uncertainty due to trade tensions will dampen investment while also reducing the effectiveness of monetary policy.
Elasticity in the monetary system
BIS Bulletin | No 101 | Today's two-tier monetary system performs a crucial role: providing money in an elastic way through overdrafts and lines of credit in the face of uncertainty and unforeseen shocks. During the Covid-19 pandemic, such elasticity allowed central banks and commercial banks to provide a discretionary increase in the money supply to manage global shocks.
The State of AI: Global survey
Organizations are beginning to create the structures and processes that lead to meaningful value from gen AI. While still in early days, companies are redesigning workflows, elevating governance, and mitigating more risks. Organizations are starting to make organizational changes designed to generate future value from gen AI, and large companies are leading the way.
Superagency in the workplace: Empowering people to unlock AI’s full potential
Almost all companies invest in AI, but just 1 percent believe they are at maturity. Our research finds the biggest barrier to scaling is not employees—who are ready—but leaders, who are not steering fast enough. Artificial intelligence has arrived in the workplace and has the potential to be as transformative as the steam engine was to the 19th-century Industrial Revolution.
Superagency in the workplace: Empowering people to unlock AI’s full potential
Almost all companies invest in AI, but just 1 percent believe they are at maturity. Our research finds the biggest barrier to scaling is not employees—who are ready—but leaders, who are not steering fast enough. Artificial intelligence has arrived in the workplace and has the potential to be as transformative as the steam engine was to the 19th-century Industrial Revolution.
Growth industries and the next big arenas of competition
The research was led by Chris Bradley, McKinsey senior partner in the Sydney office and a director of the McKinsey Global Institute (MGI); Kweilin Ellingrud, an MGI director; Michael Birshan, a member of the MGI Council and a senior partner based in London; Michael Chui, a QuantumBlack senior fellow in the Bay Area office; and Kevin Russell, an MGI senior fellow based in the Charlotte office.
Is the world facing a state of permacrisis?
In this episode of the McKinsey Global Institute’s Forward Thinking podcast, co-host Michael Chui talks with A. Michael Spence, dean emeritus of the Stanford Graduate School of Business, and Mohamed El-Erian, president of Queens’ College Cambridge and chief economic advisor at Allianz.
Why agents are the next frontier of generative AI
By moving from information to action—think virtual coworkers able to complete complex workflows—the technology promises a new wave of productivity and innovation. Over the past couple of years, the world has marveled at the capabilities and possibilities unleashed by generative AI (gen AI). Foundation models such as large language models (LLMs) can perform impressive feats, extracting insights and generating content across numerous mediums, such as text, audio, images, and video.
Why agents are the next frontier of generative AI
Over the past couple of years, the world has marveled at the capabilities and possibilities unleashed by generative AI (gen AI). Foundation models such as large language models (LLMs) can perform impressive feats, extracting insights and generating content across numerous mediums, such as text, audio, images, and video. But the next stage of gen AI is likely to be more transformative.
McKinsey technology trends outlook 2024
Which technology trends matter most for companies in 2024? New analysis by the McKinsey Technology Council highlights the adoption, development, and industry effects of advanced technologies. You’ve reached an archival page. Please see our 2025 technology trends report here. Despite challenging overall market conditions in 2023, continuing investments in frontier technologies promise substantial future growth in enterprise adoption.
The state of AI in 2026: On the road to ROI
Organizations are deploying agentic coding tools and coming to grips with the costs of AI while still seeking to capture more of the benefits that their workers are deriving from their individual use of AI. Key takeaways Use of agentic AI is increasing, mostly accounted for by large enterprises. Forty percent of respondents from large organizations (those with annual revenues of more than $1 billion) report scaling AI agents, up from 27 percent last year.
A new future of work: The race to deploy AI and raise skills in Europe and beyond
To gain the full productivity benefits of generative AI and other technologies, Europe and the United States will need to focus both on improving human capital and accelerating technology adoption. At a glance Amid tightening labor markets and a slowdown in productivity growth, Europe and the United States face shifts in labor demand, spurred by AI and automation.
AI for social good: Improving lives and protecting the planet
Advances in AI have accelerated dramatically over the past two years, marked by an ability to design, train, and—most important—run AI at a large scale and for many millions of users. AI’s potential impact spans sectors and could deliver positive social change. In fact, AI is already being used to further all 17 UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)—from the goal of eliminating poverty to establishing sustainable cities and communities and providing quality education for all.
IA para o bem social: melhorando vidas e protegendo o planeta
À medida que a IA deixa de ser apenas preditiva e adquire a capacidade de gerar soluções, seu potencial para ajudar a resolver as questões sociais definidas pelos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável da ONU aumenta consideravelmente. Confira nossa coleção de artigos em português e assine nossa newsletter mensal em português. Navegue pela coleção Os avanços da inteligência artificial nos últimos dois anos foram espantosos.
IA para el bien social: Mejorar vidas y proteger el planeta
A medida que la IA avanza de las capacidades predictivas a las generativas, se amplía su potencial para abordar los problemas sociales definidos por los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible de la ONU. Los avances en la inteligencia artificial (IA) se han acelerado drásticamente en los dos últimos años, marcados por la capacidad de diseñar, entrenar y, lo que es más importante, hacer funcionar la IA a gran escala y para muchos millones de usuarios.
What’s the future for cities in the postpandemic world?
Leading urban economist Ed Glaeser talks doom loops, hybrid spaces, the 15-minute city, and bumpy roads. In this episode of the McKinsey Global Institute’s Forward Thinking podcast, co-host Janet Bush talks with Ed Glaeser. Glaeser is the Fred and Eleanor Glimp Professor of Economics and the chairman of the Department of Economics at Harvard University, where he has taught since 1992.
Implementing generative AI with speed and safety
Generative AI (gen AI) presents a once-in-a-generation opportunity for companies, with the potential for transformative impact across innovation, growth, and productivity. The technology can now produce credible software code, text, speech, high-fidelity images, and interactive videos. It has identified the potential for millions of new materials through crystal structures and even developed molecular models that may serve as the base for finding cures for previously untreated diseases.
Michael Chui on Generative AI
Artificial intelligence (AI) is advancing at breakneck speed. Michael Chui, a partner at the McKinsey Global Institute (MGI), leads research on how this technology is reshaping business, the economy, and society more broadly. According to MGI, the next wave of AI-generated productivity improvements will send shockwaves through the labor market as it reaches–and surpasses–human-level ability across a wide range of skills but ultimately make the entire world wealthier and healthier.
Inflation and labour markets
Inflation shot up in both emerging market economies (EMEs) and advanced economies (AEs) in the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic. While labour market developments were not a key source of the surge, they could become important for the persistence of inflation and, thus, the path of disinflation.
El estado de la IA en 2023: El año clave de la IA generativa
La última Encuesta Global McKinsey (McKinsey Global Survey) anual sobre el estado actual de la inteligencia artificial (IA) confirma el crecimiento explosivo de las herramientas de IA generativa (IAG). Menos de un año después del debut de muchas de estas herramientas, un tercio de los encuestados afirman que sus organizaciones están usando la IAG con regularidad en al menos una función empresarial.
O estado da inteligência artificial em 2023: o ano do crescimento explosivo da IA Generativa
Com a acelerada implementação de ferramentas de inteligência artificial generativa, organizações e lideranças esperam efeitos significativos em todos os setores e na força de trabalho. A mais recente pesquisa da McKinsey sobre o atual estado da inteligência artificial confirma o crescimento explosivo das ferramentas de IA generativa.
Don't wait—create, with generative AI – RamaOnHealthcare
McKinsey August 24, 2023 By Michael Chui, Kelsey Robinson, and Alex Singla Generative AI could add enormous value across the global economy, from banking to life sciences. The companies that use the technology quickly and effectively will have the edge. Good things will come to those companies that don’t wait.
POV: AI could increase corporate profits by $4.4 trillion a year, according to new research
POV: AI could increase corporate profits by $4.4 trillion a year, according to new research By Michael Chui and Lareina Yee July 07, 2023 Generative AI technologies like ChatGPT have taken the world by storm, thanks to their stunning ability to parse natural language and make decisions that are remarkably human. This latest advance in artificial intelligence is speedily transforming business and work, leaving companies, governments, and individuals scrambling to assess its impact in real time.
Will generative AI be good for US workers?
The U.S. economy has absorbed the massive changes the pandemic brought to the labor market, with 8.6 million occupational shifts over the three years of COVID—50% more than in the previous three years. Now another disruption has arrived: generative artificial intelligence, write Michael Chui, Kweilin Ellingrud, and Asutosh Padhi in Fortune. While still very new, generative A.I. is developing fast; we believe it will eventually make a difference in every corner of the economy.
The state of AI in 2023: Generative AI’s breakout year
As organizations rapidly deploy generative AI tools, survey respondents expect significant effects on their industries and workforces. The latest annual McKinsey Global Survey on the current state of AI confirms the explosive growth of generative AI (gen AI) tools. Less than a year after many of these tools debuted, one-third of our survey respondents say their organizations are using gen AI regularly in at least one business function.
Generative AI's breakout year
The latest annual McKinsey Global Survey on the current state of AI confirms the explosive growth of generative AI (gen AI) tools. Less than a year after many of these tools debuted, one-third of our survey respondents say their organizations are using gen AI regularly in at least one business function.
McKinsey Technology Trends Outlook 2023
Which technology trends matter most for companies in 2023? New analysis by the McKinsey Technology Council highlights the development, possible uses, and industry effects of advanced technologies. You’ve reached an archival page. Please see our 2024 technology trends report here. After a tumultuous 2022 for technology investment and talent, the first half of 2023 has seen a resurgence of enthusiasm about technology’s potential to catalyze progress in business and society.
How generative AI could add trillions to the global economy
By Lareina Yee, Michael Chui, Alex Singla, Alex Sukharevsky and Eric Hazan Generative AI is a type of artificial intelligence that can create new content, such as text, images, or music, by learning from existing data. This technology has the potential to revolutionize many industries and transform the way businesses operate. A new report from McKinsey & Company estimates that generative AI could add trillions of dollars in value to the global economy.
Forward Thinking on avoiding another false dawn for Africa and finally seizing the continent’s potential with Carlos Lopes
From growing up in a small village in turbulent postcolonial Guinea-Bissau to a career at the United Nations, a leading African development economist talks about his belief in pan-Africanism and multilateralism. In this episode of the McKinsey Global Institute’s Forward Thinking podcast, cohost Janet Bush talks with Carlos Lopes. He is a professor in the Mandela School of Public Governance at the University of Cape Town.
POV: AI could increase corporate profits by $4.4 trillion a year, according to new research
By Michael Chui and Lareina Yee3 minute Read Generative AI technologies like ChatGPT have taken the world by storm, thanks to their stunning ability to parse natural language and make decisions that are remarkably human. This latest advance in artificial intelligence is speedily transforming business and work, leaving companies, governments, and individuals scrambling to assess its impact in real time.
AI could increase corporate profits by $4.4 trillion a year, according to new research
Generative AI technologies like ChatGPT have taken the world by storm, thanks to their stunning ability to parse natural language and make decisions that are remarkably human. This latest advance in artificial intelligence is speedily transforming business and work, leaving companies, governments, and individuals scrambling to assess its impact in real time, write Michael Chui and Lareina Yee in Fast Company.
The next productivity frontier
AI has permeated our lives incrementally, through everything from the tech powering our smartphones to autonomous-driving features on cars to the tools retailers use to surprise and delight consumers. As a result, its progress has been almost imperceptible. Clear milestones, such as when AlphaGo, an AI-based program developed by DeepMind, defeated a world champion Go player in 2016, were celebrated but then quickly faded from the public's consciousness.
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