The Covid-19 pandemic accelerated two major disruptions that are hurting Pittsburgh and many other cities across the United States. First, as workers shifted to hybrid or remote work, office buildings (and the tax bases they create) emptied out; in Pittsburgh’s commercial core, this has resulted in a 60% decline in leasing activity since 2019. Second, U.S. cities are now experiencing the worst housing crisis of the postwar era, driven by affordability and supply challenges.