Michael Lint

Keywords volatilome volatile organic compound gut microbiome gut microbiota breath breath volatiles asthma diagnostic biomarker metagenomics Introduction Medical decision-making often relies on the measurement of biomarkers that are associated with a disease state and provide prognostic or diagnostic information. While many clinical biomarkers require painful or invasive samples, there is increasing interest in the development of noninvasive diagnostics.

Abstract Millions suffer from urinary tract infections (UTIs) worldwide every year with women accounting for the majority of cases. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) causes most of these primary infections and leads to 25% becoming recurrent or chronic. To repel invading pathogens, the urinary tract mounts a vigorous innate immune response that includes the secretion of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), rapid recruitment of phagocytes and exfoliation of superficial umbrella cells.