1 INTRODUCTION Tumour microenvironment (TME) is the environment in which tumours develop, grow and metastasize.1 Thus, the TME is a key element in cancer progression, including tumour initiation, metastasis and resistance to treatment.2 The TME comprises cancer cells and various stromal cells, such as fibroblasts, neutrophils, macrophages and other immune cells.3 Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) are an extremely heterogeneous population that display proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory...
