Midwifery Tehran

Conflicts of Interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Supporting Information References , and . 2013. “Explanation and Critique of Moral Agency in Social Cognitive Learning Theory.” Educational Sciences From the Perspective of Islam 2, no. 3: 93–111. https://sid.ir/paper/257809/fa. , , , , and . 2018. “Directed Qualitative Content Analysis: The Description and Elaboration of Its Underpinning Methods and Data Analysis Process.” Journal of Research in Nursing 23, no. 1: 42–55.

1 INTRODUCTION Patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) often face challenges such as low mood and limited mobility due to factors like reduced consciousness, intubation, sedative medications, and communication barriers.

1 INTRODUCTION The rapid spread of COVID-19 presented unprecedented challenges for healthcare systems globally (Hofmeyer et al., 2020). Due to the distinct nature of nursing care, delivered directly to patients in hospitals, communities or homecare settings, nurses have played a pivotal role in combating COVID-19 (Choi et al., 2020).