Mila Della Barbera

Abstract Galectin-3 (Gal-3) dysregulation has emerged as a critical mediator of inflammatory processes in arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (AC), playing pivotal roles in modulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling and regulating macrophage polarization. AC is a rare genetic disorder, primarily driven by desmosomal gene variants, characterized by fibro-fatty replacement of the ventricular myocardium, progressive ventricular dysfunction, and heightened arrhythmic risk in the young and athletes.

Giant cell interstitial pneumonia (GIP) is a fibrosing lung disease histologically characterized by centrilobular pulmonary fibrosis and cannibalistic intra-alveolar multinucleated giant cells. It is considered a form of pneumoconiosis caused particularly by secondary exposure to hard metals (cemented carbide or tungsten carbide). Hard metals are commonly used in various industrial applications, such as cutting tools, drilling tools, machine inserts, and other wear-resistant components.

Highlights • Collagen and stent net are not damaged in Perceval S sutureless bioprosthetic valve Collapsing and ballooning during deployment • Fibrous tissue overgrowth with stenosis took place progressively overtime with a plateau around 20 months after implant. • Structural valve deterioration by mineralization with stenosis was observed in a few patients in the mid-term follow-up as to require redo with bioprosthesis replacement.