Minega Ndoli

In many countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, the Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance marker pfcrt K76T disappeared within a decade of ceased chloroquine use. Pfaat1 S258L has recently been implicated as another chloroquine resistance marker. Both genes may affect parasite susceptibility to partner drugs in artemisinin-based combination therapy. Rwanda abolished chloroquine in 2001, since 2006 the first-line antimalarial is artemether-lumefantrine.