Minz Lee

1 Introduction Nonlinear photoresponses are key to advancing optoelectronic systems capable of performing complex tasks such as logic processing, data encryption, and real-time visual object recognition under light stimuli.[1-3] Recently, optoelectronic materials with high detectivity and in-sensor processing have attracted increasing attention in advanced photodetector and neuromorphic applications.[4, 5] However, in conventional semiconductors, photogenerated charge carriers typically...

1 Introduction Random numbers are integral to diverse fields such as lotteries, simulations, and research in mathematics and physics.[1-3] However, their primary application lies in cryptographic protocols, particularly as the Internet of Things (IoT) and edge computing have dramatically increased the accessibility of personal information, heightening the need for robust encryption technologies.[4-8] Despite advancements in digital security using biometric data like fingerprints and iris...