Mohamed Shams

Abstract Cognitive radio networks (CRN) enable secondary users (SUs) to opportunistically access underutilized licensed spectrum while protecting primary users (PUs) from interference. However, robust spectrum sensing under heterogeneous interference and noise uncertainty remains challenging. Conventional energy detection, matched filtering, and cyclostationary approaches either require extensive prior knowledge or degrade under interference, leading to excessive false alarms and service denial.

Retraction of: Scientific Reports https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-43568-x, published online 07 May 2019 The Editors have retracted this Article. After publication, concerns were raised about the appropriateness of the model used in the study. The study aimed to explore the impact of the food preservatives (in particular sodium nitrate) and whether thymoquinone can have protective function against oxidative stress caused by chronic exposure to this chemical.

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