Mohammad Ghanbari

1 Introduction Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.), also known as black-eyed pea or southern pea, is a staple crop on a global scale that covers Africa, Asia, South America, and North America (Boukar et al. 2019). It is a valuable legume plant that is widely consumed as livestock feed and nutritious dietary food for human consumption, particularly in semi-arid tropical and desert areas (Lazaridi and Bebeli 2023).

1 Introduction Efficient strategies for the synthesis of nitrogen-containing heterocycles remain a central objective in organic chemistry. Beyond simple ring systems, the incorporation of nitrogen into extended aromatic frameworks enables access to structurally complex molecules with applications spanning medicinal and materials chemistry [1].

Design of a Modular, Palladium-Catalyzed Carbonylative Synthesis of Pyrido[2,1-α]isoindoles via Benzyne 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition We report a palladium catalyzed, multicomponent synthesis of pyrido[2,1-α]isoindoles via carbonylative coupling of imines and 2-bromopyridines to form mesoionic dipoles, followed by cycloaddition with in situ generated arynes. This one-pot method allows efficient, modular assembly of polysubstituted products with independent control of each building block.