1. Introduction Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality, with 10 million cases and 1.25 million deaths in 2023 [1]. Despite the BCG vaccine and antibiotics, the disease burden persists due to limited intervention efficacy and the rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), underscoring the need for novel therapeutic strategies [2,3,4,5,6].