Mohd Izzuddin Hairol

Abstract The Radner Reading Charts for measuring reading performance are available in 11 European languages plus Turkish. There is a need to develop a Malay version, as Malay is spoken by 240 million speakers in Southeast Asia. The study’s purpose is to create and validate Malay sentence optotypes comparable in number and length of words, difficulty, and syntactical structure, for constructing the Malay version of the Radner Reading Charts.

Introduction The use of electronic cigarettes (EC) is a controversial public health topic due to their increasing popularity among youth and the uncertainty about their risks and benefits. In May 2019, a survey by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention showed that the main group of consumers who consume electronic cigarettes in China are young people. The highest usage rate was in the 15–24 age group, nearly half of the ECs being obtained through the Internet.

Open AccessArticle by Mohd Izzuddin Hairol 1,2,*, Mahadir Ahmad 1,3, Muhammad Aminuddin Muhammad Zihni 2, Nur Fatin Syazana Saidon 2, Naufal Nordin 1 and Masne Kadar 4,5 1 Centre for Community Health Studies (ReaCH), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia 2 Optometry & Vision Science Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia 3 Clinical...