Mojtaba Ebrahimian Mashhadi

1 Introduction Freshwater and electricity are undoubtedly two major requirements of people's everyday lives.[1] Despite the rapid increase in the global population, existing infrastructure is struggling to adequately meet the growing demand for these essential needs.[2] On the one hand, water shortage is a global issue with almost half of the population experiencing water stress.[3, 4] Even though the Earth holds vast amounts of water in seas and oceans, less than 3% of these sources are...