Muhammad Ajmal Shah

1. Introduction Flaxseed (or linseed, as it is known in British English) is an ancient crop with a rich history, dating back nearly 12,000 years [1]. Originally, flaxseed was likely used for its laxative properties before its widespread consumption as a food ingredient. In recent years, there has been a marked increase in health-oriented products containing flaxseed, driven by growing research that highlights its potential health benefits.

1. Introduction The chemical process industry (CPI) is characterized by complex operations that involve processing chemicals into a wide range of products and materials essential to various sectors, such as petrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, and agriculture. To manage the inherent risks in such operations, the CPI has historically prioritized safety through the implementation of rigorous process safety management (PSM) systems [1,2,3].