Muhammad Kassim

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a relatively common endocrine disorder characterized by excessive secretion of PTH, leading to dysregulation of calcium homeostasis with hypercalcemia [1]. The condition affects an estimated 1 to 7 per 1000 people in the general population [2, 3].

Introduction Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy characterised by abnormal clonal plasma cell infiltration in the bone marrow. (1) In the United Kingdom (UK), the annual incidence of MM is 6,000 cases and accounts for around 3,100 deaths annually.

1 Introduction X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is a complex, rare, progressive, genetic disease characterized by loss-of-function mutations in the PHEX (phosphate-regulating gene with homologies to endopeptidases on the X chromosome) gene (1–3), leading to increased serum/plasma levels of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) (3).