Muhulo Muhau Mungamba

Keywords DNA methylation Epigenome-wide association study Adiponectin Adipokine Sub-Saharan Africa Evidence before this study We searched PubMed for studies published between January 1, 2000, and June 30, 2025, using the MeSH terms “Adiponectin,” “DNA methylation,” and “Epigenetics” to assess the extent of current knowledge on the epigenetic regulation of circulating adiponectin.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) poses a significant global health challenge, with most longitudinal studies conducted in high-income countries. African populations, undergoing rapid urbanisation and migration, lack comprehensive longitudinal data, limiting understanding of CKD dynamics. Our 7-year study of 2183 Ghanaians residing in Ghana and Ghanaian migrants in the Netherlands reveals a high CKD incidence comparable to high-income countries.

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