Nahla Ibrahim

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Introduction Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a progressive dilatation of the aorta due to weakening of the wall, which is often accompanied by an intraluminal thrombus (ILT).1 Although mostly asymptomatic, AAAs tend to slowly grow with an eventual risk of rupture, which confers high mortality.

1. Introduction Environmental threats have recently become a critical concern, as they are aggravated by harmful human practices in the environment, such as oil spills in the seas and oceans, industrial wastes, fossil fuel emissions, and residential trash. These factors have led to severe environmental pollution, climate change, and global warming and their consequent catastrophic impacts on the planet and the population.