Namchul Cho

1. Introduction The development of bronze casting culture on the Korean Peninsula spans from 300 B.C. during the Early Iron Age through the Proto-Three Kingdoms and Three Kingdoms periods. Notably, Chungcheongnam-do and Jeolla-do were the epicenters of the slender bronze dagger culture, where a large volume of copper tools was produced between the 4th and 2nd centuries B.C. [1]. Historically, copper has been used extensively in alloys consisting of copper, tin, and lead, that is, bronze.

This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon. Open AccessArticle by Heehong Kwon 1 and Namchul Cho 2,* 1 Department of Conservation and Art Bank, National Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art, Cheongju 28501, Republic of Korea 2 Department of Cultural Heritage Conservation Science, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Republic of Korea * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Although lithium-mixed transition metal oxides (LiTM) have promising properties suitable for practical applications, unavoidable cation disorder in their structure during their synthesis or their operation leads to complex effects on their electrochemical performance. The microscopic mechanism of the cation disorder remains elusive owing to the lack of information on the atomic structures with specific chemical identities.