Nano Alemu Daba

Abstract Soil acidification and carbon sequestration are central challenges for sustainable agriculture, particularly across China’s extensive acidic red soil regions, which comprise 32.4% of the national soil area. This study evaluated the long-term effects of straw and manure incorporation on aluminum (Al) and iron (Fe) oxide fractions, soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration, and crop yield in acidic red upland soil.

AP available phosphorus AS available sulfur CEC cation exchange capacity ETB Ethiopian Birr GY grain yield NR net return PBN primary branch number PD plant density PH plant height PN pod number SOC soil organic carbon TN total nitrogen TVC total variable cost 1 INTRODUCTION Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a major crop in Ethiopia, ranking second among grain legumes only to faba bean in terms of production area and yield (Kebede, 2020; Tigist et al., 2017).