Nathan Muchhala

Conflicts of Interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Supporting Information Filename Description jbi15142-sup-0001-FigureS1.jpgJPEG image, 1.9 MB Figure S1. jbi15142-sup-0002-FigureS2.tifTIFF image, 19.6 MB Figure S2. jbi15142-sup-0003-FigureS3.jpgJPEG image, 3.2 MB Figure S3. jbi15142-sup-0003-FigureS4.jpgJPEG image, 4.5 MB Figure S4. jbi15142-sup-0004-FigureS5.jpgJPEG image, 507.1 KB Figure S5. jbi15142-sup-0005-FigureS6.jpgJPEG image, 1 MB Figure S6.

Fig. S1 An image of a Burmeistera succulenta flower showing the long stem and the complex background behind it typical of Neotropical cloud forests. Fig. S2 An image of the experimental set-up for flight cage trials in a complex background. Notes S1 The R script used for the statistical analyses, with results and comments.

Pollen plays a key role in plant reproductive biology and is studied in a range of fields including cell and molecular biology (Bedinger, 1992), biochemistry (Stanley and Linskens, 1974), ecology (Ollerton, 2021), systematic biology (Cardinal-McTeague and Gillespie, 2016), and evolutionary botany (Williams and Mazer, 2016). As male gametophytes, pollen share some aspects of its biology with that of animal sperm, while other aspects are fundamentally distinct.