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Funding provided by: Education New Zealand ROR ID: https://ror.org/01m5ew684 Award Number: Funding provided by: Massey University ROR ID: https://ror.org/052czxv31 Award Number: Funding provided by: Massey University ROR ID: https://ror.org/052czxv31 Award Number: Funding provided by: Royal Society Te Apārangi ROR ID: https://ror.org/04tajb587 Award Number: RDF-MAU1701 Funding provided by: United States Fish and Wildlife Service ROR ID: https://ror.org/04k7dar27 Award Number: Funding provided...

1 Introduction Wildlife conservation in the Anthropocene requires bold conservation solutions. Current global conservation efforts have largely failed, and more ambitious commitments and innovations are required to stem wildlife declines (Mace et al., 2018; Bhola et al., 2021). Such innovations need to move beyond protection to the re-expansion of nature including ecosystem restoration and rewilding (Svenning, 2020).