A cooperative hopping-based moving target defense approach 1State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China 2Cryptography Engineering Institute, PLA Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China 3Cyberspace Institute of Advanced Technology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China DOI 10.7717/peerj-cs.3805 Academic Editor Sedat Akleylek Subject Areas Algorithms and Analysis of Algorithms,...