Neuroinflammation Group

Neurodegenerative diseases including multiple sclerosis (MS) are characterized by the loss of neurons and glial cells, leading to a decline in cognitive and motor functions (Lassmann, 2018). Despite the recent advances in understanding the signals that stimulate the activity of endogenous neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs), currently, there is no effective treatment to restore the lack of neural cells in these diseases.

1 Introduction Biological drugs, including therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAb), are synthesized using biotechnology and genetic engineering. The biologics licensed applications approved by the FDA have grown over the years (1), leading to a therapeutic revolution for a wide spectrum of diseases comprising rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, or cancer.

1. Introduction Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of disability and death worldwide which affects about 10 million people annually across all age groups (1). According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), in 2019, more than 223,000 TBI-associated cases were hospitalized in the USA (2). Generally, TBI can be classified as mild, moderate, and severe according to the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score and neurobehavioral characteristics after injury.