Niccolò Giuseppe Armogida

1 Introduction The cleaning phase constitutes an essential aspect of root canal treatment, facilitating the disinfection of the intricate endodontic system through the application of irrigants (Gomes et al. 2023). Evidence indicates that the shaping phase generates a smear layer, which adheres randomly to the root canal walls, exhibiting a thickness ranging from 2 to 5 μm (de Oliveira Neto et al. 2023; Violich and Chandler 2010).

1 Introduction Anxiety, pain and medical emergencies are crucial concepts in the dental field. Understanding the knowledge, attitude and practices related to these aspects is essential to improve clinical management and ensure quality dental care. Anxiety is a physiological and psychological reaction that occurs in response to a perceived stressful or threatening situation.

Abstract Objective: This study aimed to examine the morphology of maxillary canines (MxCs) by means of micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). Materials and methods: The root canal configurations (RCCs) of 97 maxillary canines of a mixed Swiss-German population were analyzed using micro-CT.