The second essay comes from Nicholas Heng, a second year medical student from the University of Dundee. Nicholas’s essay answered the topic question: Rare diseases play a key role in healthcare today, with far-reaching implications that have shaped medicine in the past few decades. Interestingly, the sheer volume of diseases (>5000) mean that cumulatively, there could be as many as 30 million Europeans and 25 million Americans affected. Out of that, 80% are of genetic origin.