Nicole Richardson

Abstract Signals in vocal communication systems range from innate to learned. Although innate and learned signals are often assumed to be independent, Darwin speculated that they could be evolutionarily related, with the former being the foundation of the latter even in our own communication system, language. Here we test this hypothesis by studying the vocal communication systems of avian hosts of brood parasites.

Aim The high proportion of plumage polymorphism in raptor species presents exciting research potential. Unfortunately, fundamental knowledge gaps remain that limit our ability to fully understand the development and role of plumage polymorphism in this group and extend those insights to vertebrates as a whole.

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