Nida Salman Yazdani

Abstract Purpose Pakistan has disproportionately high maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. There is a lack of detailed, population-representative data to provide evidence for risk factors, morbidities and mortality among pregnant women and their newborns.

Introduction Maternal morbidity and mortality rates remain unacceptably high in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).1 According to the most recent Pakistan Maternal Mortality Survey (PMMS), the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) in Pakistan was 186 deaths per 100,000 live births, with Sindh having the second highest MMR after Baluchistan.2 Although Pakistan’s MMR has decreased over the years, efforts must be doubled if we are to meet the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) targets by 2030.3...