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Articles by Nigel Klein
Mass Administration of Azithromycin to Infants in Mali to Reduce Mortality | NEJM
Methods In this double-blind, cluster-randomized, placebo-controlled trial with an adaptive design, we examined the effects of azithromycin (Zithromax, Pfizer) as compared with placebo on infant and child mortality, when administered to infants 1 to 11 months (29 to 364 days) of age in Mali.
Biomarkers of mortality in adults and adolescents with advanced HIV in sub-Saharan Africa - Nature Communications
Abstract One-third of people with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa start antiretroviral therapy (ART) with advanced disease. We investigated associations between immune biomarkers and mortality in participants with advanced HIV randomised to cotrimoxazole or enhanced antimicrobial prophylaxis in the Reduction of Early Mortality in HIV-Infected Adults and Children Starting Antiretroviral Therapy (REALITY) trial (ISRCTN43622374). Biomarkers were assayed using ELISA and Luminex.
Enhanced CD95 and interleukin 18 signalling accompany T cell receptor Vβ21.3+ activation in multi-inflammatory syndrome in children - Nature Communications
Abstract Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children is a post-infectious presentation SARS-CoV-2 associated with expansion of the T cell receptor Vβ21.3+ T-cell subgroup. Here we apply muti-single cell omics to compare the inflammatory process in children with acute respiratory COVID-19 and those presenting with non SARS-CoV-2 infections in children.
Evolutionary and functional history of the Escherichia coli K1 capsule - Nature Communications
Abstract Escherichia coli is a leading cause of invasive bacterial infections in humans. Capsule polysaccharide has an important role in bacterial pathogenesis, and the K1 capsule has been firmly established as one of the most potent capsule types in E. coli through its association with severe infections. However, little is known about its distribution, evolution and functions across the E. coli phylogeny, which is fundamental to elucidating its role in the expansion of successful lineages.
The Lancet Small Vulnerable Newborn Series: science for a healthy start
The Lancet 2020 Campaign on child and adolescent health is a welcome call for a renewed focus on children. With less than a decade remaining to achieve the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the campaign is a timely reminder about an unfinished agenda, reiterating the centrality of child survival and wellbeing in global development. The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic bring more urgency to the need for increased attention to children.
Revising Pediatric Vancomycin Dosing Accounting for Nephrotoxicity in a Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Model
Pharmacology Frank Kloprogge, Louise F. Hill, John Booth, Nigel Klein, Adam D. Irwin, Garth Dixon, Joseph F. Standing DOI: 10.1128/AAC.00067-19 ABSTRACT This study aimed to suggest an initial pediatric vancomycin dose regimen through population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling. A population pharmacokinetic approach was used to analyze vancomycin concentration-time data from a large pediatric cohort.
Co-causation of reduced newborn size by maternal undernutrition, infections, and inflammation
More than 20 million babies are born with low birthweight annually. Small newborns have an increased risk for mortality, growth failure, and other adverse outcomes. Numerous antenatal risk factors for small newborn size have been identified, but individual interventions addressing them have not markedly improved the health outcomes of interest.
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