Nihat Ali Ozcan

1 INTRODUCTION Probiotics are microorganisms from safe species that maintain their viability during digestion and provide health advantages to host organisms (Hill et al., 2014). They boost the immune system and lower the risk of gastrointestinal (GI) diseases. Various bacteria and yeasts are used as probiotics in food formulations, but Lactobacillus is one of the most common, with a variety of health claims (Azam et al., 2020).

This article examines President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan's actions since he barely survived the May 2023 election. It argues that although Erdoğan's authoritarian personality and conservative Islamist ideology drive his foreign policy, his pyrrhic victory and Turkey's economic problems have forced him to rebalance the country's regional and bilateral relations with Arab and Western states.

1 INTRODUCTION The genus Inula L. consists of 78–100 species found in Europe, Asia, and Africa and is known for the great therapeutic potential of its phytochemical compounds (Buza et al., 2022). Furthermore, I.