Nontobeko Gcabashe

1 Introduction Over the past few decades, diabetes cases have seen a multifold increase throughout the world [1]. Multiple literature reports have reported that this increment was substantial in the first decade of the 21st century [2], particularly in the middle-income countries of Asia and Africa [3]. Particularly, Type II diabetes (T2D) is a chronic metabolic disorder caused by insulin resistance, which makes cells unable to respond effectively to insulin.

Introduction Developing efficient, green, and environmentally friendly methodologies for synthesizing widely applicable chemical scaffolds by using readily available compounds is a significant challenge for researchers in the field of synthetic chemistry.1-4 Several toxic catalysts and solvents being used in the synthetic chemistry, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries are potential environmental and health hazards.5-7 Hence, researchers and chemists are regularly prompted to make...