Ntina Vasileiadi

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1. Introduction Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is a Gram-positive aerobic and optional anaerobic bacterium, that is ubiquitous in the environment, in water, soil, and feces. Lm is a psychotropic bacterium that grows even in cooling temperatures and has great resistance to the environment; to various stresses, such as sanitizers, refrigeration and acidic environments; and food processes procedures, e.g., smoking, freezing [1,2,3]. Lm was identified in the 1980s as a food-borne pathogen [4].