Ole Halfdan Larsen

Abstract The menstrual cycle is one of the most fundamental biological rhythms in human physiology, yet its systemic molecular changes remain poorly understood. Here we show that the menstrual cycle is accompanied by widespread changes in the circulating proteome. By profiling nearly 3,000 plasma proteins in 2,760 women from the UK Biobank, we identified 198 proteins that vary across the cycle, forming distinct temporal patterns aligned with menstrual phases.

1 INTRODUCTION In recent times, prenatal diagnostics have embraced improved diagnostic tools, including comprehensive genetic analyses such as chromosomal microarray (CMA), trio exome (WES), and genome sequencing (WGS),1-4 as well as advanced imaging equipment like ultrasound (UL) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).5, 6 Hence, it is plausible to consider whether the quantity and type of prenatal diagnoses and pregnancy terminations due to fetal anomalies (TOPFA) have undergone changes...