Omar Mohammad alqaisi

1 Introduction Cholesteatoma is a benign yet locally destructive epithelial lesion of the middle ear, characterized by keratinizing squamous epithelium that can progressively erode adjacent structures [1]. It typically arises either congenitally or as an acquired condition secondary to chronic middle ear disease. Globally, the annual incidence of pediatric cholesteatoma ranges from approximately 3 to 15 cases per 100,000 children, demonstrating a slight male predominance [2].

You are already at the latest version As the global cancer burden rises, adults with advanced cancer face significant physical and psychosocial symptoms requiring early integration of palliative and supportive care. Nurses in oncology, emergency, and community settings are central to symptom assessment, care coordination, communication, and advance care planning, yet their roles in early integration remain underexplored.

Submitted: 01 January 2026 You are already at the latest version Immunotherapy has transformed cancer management. Patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors frequently experience concurrent pain and sleep disturbances that affect quality of life, treatment adherence, and overall survival. Nursing interventions addressing both symptoms remain poorly defined.