This version is not peer-reviewed. Hammed Akano *,Omosalewa Odebiri,Waliu Igbaoreto * Hammed Akano *,Omosalewa Odebiri,Waliu Igbaoreto * Submitted: 28 November 2025 You are already at the latest version Over the past decade, drones have moved from experimental tools to practical workhorses in environmental monitoring. Their real value lies in the sensors and actuators they carry, which determine the kind of information that can be collected and how reliably it can be gathered.