Pakistan’s Options

The author is a writer and research assistant at the Centre for Pakistan and Gulf Studies, Islamabad. His focus is on the foreign policy of Pakistan, and South Asia, and the geostrategic competition, proxy wars, conflicts, and aspirations for hegemony by international and regional powers in the Middle East. He can be contacted at The world is full of people like Josep Borrell who tend to deceive the masses with their words and make them believe in things that have no meaning.

The establishment of a local government system for the devolution of power to the provinces has been attempted several times in the political history of Pakistan. Following the country’s 1947 declaration of independence, three constitutions (1956, 1962, and 1973) were passed, with four periods of martial rule under various regimes. Both the political and military rule have bolstered and threatened the long-term viability of municipal governments throughout the nation.

Ms. Amina Iqbal is studying international relations at Kinnaird College for Women University, Lahore. The Indus River dolphin is a widely recognized symbol of environmental health and cultural legacy. It is also known as “bhulan” and is found in abundance in the tranquil waters of the great Indus River in Pakistan. The Indus River dolphins are exceptional creatures due to their sleek bodies, and their dependence on echolocation and acrobatic displays.