Pankajeshwara Sharma

ABSTRACT In recent years, integrating geoprivacy functions into GIS applications has become crucial due to increasing data breaches and the need to comply with international guidelines.

1. Introduction Unavailability or compromise of spatial data can have serious consequences. GIS data are a key component of decision-making in high-risk scenarios such as humanitarian and natural disasters. Timely access to relevant spatial data is of the utmost importance under these conditions; however, it is also important to understand that although there is a great need for data to be highly available, keeping this data secure is critical, as recently highlighted by researchers [1,2,3,4,5,6].

1 INTRODUCTION Traditional and culturally sensitive indigenous data have historically been targeted by settler communities for land and resource exploitation, often used without prior and informed consent and distorted for advantage (Kukutai & Taylor, 2016).