Parvesh Mohan Garg

The practice of withholding feeds during PRBC transfusion lacks high-quality evidence and may contribute to unintended morbidities. Emerging physiological data suggest the preterm gut possesses sufficient autoregulatory reserve to tolerate feeding during transfusion. Future research must prioritize determining safety profiles based on anemia severity and feeding type to minimize unnecessary fasting and optimize nutritional outcomes in extremely low birth weight infants.

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) remains a persistent clinical challenge, with diagnostic strategies largely relying on reactive staging criteria that have not evolved significantly in decades. This commentary synthesizes emerging literature to evaluate the transformative potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) in shifting NEC management toward predictive precision. We review how ML algorithms are redefining risk stratification by integrating multimodal data.

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), a multifactorial pathophysiologic process of the gastrointestinal tract, affects 5–10% of preterm infants with a birth weight ≤1500 g1,2 and stands as a leading cause of surgical intervention,3 long-term complications,4,5,6,7 mortality, and increased health care costs.8,9 While human milk is recognized as protective,10 the role of cow’s milk-based formula in NEC pathogenesis has been hypothesized for decades and remains without conclusive evidence to support...