Paschalina Terzopoulou

All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. For articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. For more information, please refer to https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess.

All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. For articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. For more information, please refer to https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess.

1. Introduction Global warming is evidenced mainly by rising global mean air and ocean temperatures, extensive melting of snow and ice, and rising global mean sea levels. A layer of greenhouse gases mostly made of water vapor, in far lower amounts, carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide act as a thermal blanket around the Earth, absorbing heat and concurrently heating its surface to temperatures suitable for the growth of living creatures.