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Abstract The innate immune compartment of the human central nervous system (CNS) is highly diverse and includes several immune-cell populations such as macrophages that are frequent in the brain parenchyma (microglia) and less numerous at the brain interfaces as CNS-associated macrophages (CAMs). Due to their scantiness and particular location, little is known about the presence of temporally and spatially restricted CAM subclasses during development, health and perturbation.
1. Introduction Neurologic and psychiatric disorders are a diverse group of conditions that affect the nervous system, including the central nervous system (CNS) and the enteric neural system (ENS). These disorders can result from various causes, including genetic, infectious, traumatic, and environmental factors. Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and multiple sclerosis (MS) are among the most common ones.
Highlights • Chronic peripheral inflammation induces microglia activation in the brain • The microglia response is confined to distinct anatomical brain regions • Microglia activation is reversible by immunotherapy in the periphery Summary Systemic immune dysregulation contributes to the development of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. The precise effect of chronic peripheral immune stimulation on myeloid cells across anatomical brain regions is unclear.
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