Outdoors, pest populations are kept in check by rain and diseases and by birds, beneficial insects, and other predators; indoors, however, plant pests can proliferate very quickly with nothing to stop them. The most common pests that may infest your houseplants are spider mites, mealy bugs, scale, aphids, and fungus gnats. This can lead to unsightly damage and potentially the death of your plant. There is also the risk that an infestation can jump from one plant to another.