Paula Miller

Abstract Background Obtaining uncontaminated urine samples from children can be difficult. Clean catch urine (CCU) is non-invasive but may be slow and lead to a contaminated sample, whereas transurethral bladder catheterisation (TUBC) and suprapubic aspiration (SPA) are invasive. We assessed the feasibility of randomising children to a definitive trial.

Supporting Information Filename Description bit28890-sup-0001-Supplementary_Tables.docx41.9 KB Supporting information. References , and . 2019. “A Multi-Site Metastasis-on-a-Chip Microphysiological System for Assessing Metastatic Preference of Cancer Cells.” Biotechnology and Bioengineering 116: 936–944. https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.26871. 2020. “Emerging Mechanisms of Cell Competition.” Nature Reviews Genetics 21, no. 11: 683–697. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41576-020-0262-8. , , , , , and . 2017.

Given the complex and data-driven nature of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, ensuring adequate disclosure is particularly challenging. Part of the difficulty stems from intrinsic features of AI systems, which can solve problems in many different fields (meaning the mere idea of using AI is often obvious) and require training data and training processes to achieve such applications (raising questions about the necessity of disclosing such data and processes).