Pei-Ying Lin

1 Introduction The global shift toward sustainable energy and the urgent need to remediate environmental pollution have thrust catalytic materials into the spotlight of modern chemistry and engineering. Heterogeneous catalysts based on transition-metal oxides must meet conflicting requirements: high intrinsic activity, selectivity, and durability under severe electrochemical conditions, while remaining cost-effective and scalable.

Conflicts of Interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Introduction Click to copy section linkSection link copied! Triplex DNAs, formed by Hoogsteen base pairing, involve the insertion of a third strand into specific double-strand DNA. (1) It has been reported that C-G·C+ triplets require the protonation of cytosine in the third strand under acidic pH conditions, while T-A·T triplets remain stable across acidic to neutral pH and destabilized at basic pH, due to the deprotonation of thymine.