Peter Mitchell

When the retired Oxford theologian Nigel Biggar published Colonialism: A Moral Reckoning in 2021, it marked an apogee of a long-drawn culture war over the British imperial record. Biggar had spent the past few years fashioning himself into a figurehead for a certain strain of imperial apologetics which by 2021 had coalesced into a well-organised culture-war ecology of think tanks, media and politicians with well-funded links to the global reactionary right.

Abstract Domestic horses and donkeys played a key role in the initial colonization of the Atlantic seaboard of the Americas, a process partially chronicled by historical records. While Spanish colonists brought horses to the Caribbean and southern latitudes earlier, the transport of domestic horses to the English colony at Jamestown, Virginia in 1606 was among the first dispersals to the eastern seaboard.